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Surface in situ datasets for marine climatological applications
Climatological products are required for monitoring and studying global climate change and accurately identifying secular trends over the past two centuries. These products...- publication PDF
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Observations of ozone-poor air in the tropical tropopause layer
Ozonesondes reaching the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the west Pacific have occasionally measured layers of very low ozone concentrations - less than 15 ppbv - raising...- publication PDF
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Anthropogenic influence on the drivers of the Western Cape drought 2015–2017
In the period 2015-2017, the Western Cape region has suffered from three consecutive years of below average rainfall-leading to a prolonged drought and acute water shortages,...- publication PDF
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How might recharge change under projected climate change in the Western U.S.?
Although groundwater is a major water resource in the western U.S., little research has been done on the impacts of climate change on groundwater storage and recharge in the...- publication PDF
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Explicit prediction of continental convection in a skillful...
We present a new global-to-regional model, cfvGFS, able to explicitly (without parameterization) represent convection over part of the Earth. This model couples the Geophysical...- publication PDF
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Three-dimensional convective–stratiform echo-type classification and...
The Echo Classification from COnvectivity (ECCO) algorithm identifies convective and stratiform types of radar echo in three dimensions. It is based on the calculation of...- publication PDF
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The abuse of popular performance metrics in hydrologic modeling
The goal of this commentary is to critically evaluate the use of popular performance metrics in hydrologic modeling. We focus on the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the...- publication PDF
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Convective initiation near the Andes in subtropical South America
Satellite radar and radiometer data indicate that subtropical South America has some of the deepest and most extreme convective storms on Earth. This study uses the full 15-yr...- publication PDF
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Low-cost 63% efficient 2.5-kW UHF power amplifier for a wind profiler radar
This paper describes a low-cost 449-MHz 2.5-kW peak pulse amplifier for use in a wind profiling radar. New high-power LDMOS transistors are enabling the use of kilowatt level...- publication PDF
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Resolving size distribution of black carbon internally mixed with snow:...
We develop a stochastic aerosol-snow albedo model that explicitly resolves size distribution of aerosols internally mixed with various snow grains. We use the model to quantify...- publication PDF
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Attributing extreme events to climate change: A new frontier in a warming world
The emerging field of extreme-event attribution (EEA) seeks to answer the question: "Has climate change influenced the frequency, likelihood, and/or severity of individual...- publication PDF
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Proceedings of the 2022 Improving Scientific Software Conference
The Software Engineering Assembly (SEA) is a loosely structured group of software engineers and scientists who write scientific software, mostly but not only at NCAR and mostly...- publication PDF
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Validation of ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data in Antarctica
The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research...- publication PDF
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Modeling canopy-induced turbulence in the Earth system: A unified...
Land surface models used in climate models neglect the roughness sublayer and parameterize within-canopy turbulence in an ad hoc manner. We implemented a roughness sublayer...- publication PDF
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QBO changes in CMIP6 climate projections
Phase 6 of the Coupled-Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the first in which a significant number of models include a well-resolved stratosphere. Changes in equatorial...- publication PDF
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Pliocene warmth consistent with greenhouse gas forcing
With CO2 concentrations similar to today (410 ppm), the Pliocene Epoch offers insights into climate changes under a moderately warmer world. Previous work suggested a low zonal...- publication PDF
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Improving probabilistic weather forecasts for decision making: A...
This Technical Note presents methods and findings from a study of winter weather decision making at a major U.S. airport and associated strategies for improving the generation...- publication PDF
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The structure for unifying multiple modeling alternatives (SUMMA), Version...
This note describes the conservation equations and flux parameterizations used in the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA). The processes considered...- publication PDF
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Evaluation of scalar advection schemes in the Advanced Research WRF model...
In the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW), versions 3.0 and earlier, advection of scalars was performed using the Runge–Kutta time-integration scheme...- publication PDF
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Observations of ion-neutral coupling associated with strong electrodynamic...
We use incoherent scatter radar observations at Millstone Hill (MHO) and Arecibo (AO) and topside ionosphere in situ Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) observations...- publication PDF