Identification

Title

Ice and supercooled liquid water distributions over the southern ocean based on in situ observations and climate model simulations

Abstract

Three climate models are evaluated using in situ airborne observations from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) campaign. The evaluation targets cloud phases, microphysical properties, thermodynamic conditions, and aerosol indirect effects from -40 degrees C to 0 degrees C. Compared with 580-s averaged observations (i.e., 100 km horizontal scale), the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) shows the most similar result for cloud phase frequency distribution and allows more liquid-containing clouds below -10 degrees C compared with its predecessor-CAM5. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) underestimates (overestimates) ice phase frequencies below (above) -20 degrees C. CAM6 and E3SM show liquid and ice water contents (i.e., LWC and IWC) similar to observations from -25 degrees C to 0 degrees C, but higher LWC and lower IWC than observations at lower temperatures. Simulated in-cloud RH shows higher minimum values than observations, possibly restricting ice growth during sedimentation. As number concentrations of aerosols larger than 500 nm (Na-500) increase, observations show increases of LWC, IWC, liquid, and ice number concentrations (N-liq, N-ice). Number concentrations of aerosols larger than 100 nm (Na-100) only show positive correlations with LWC and N-liq. From -20 degrees C to 0 degrees C, higher aerosol number concentrations are correlated with lower glaciation ratio and higher cloud fraction. From -40 degrees C to -20 degrees C, large aerosols show positive correlations with glaciation ratio. CAM6 shows small increases of LWC and N-liq with Na-500 and Na-100. E3SM shows small increases of N-ice with Na-500. Overall, CAM6 and E3SM underestimate aerosol indirect effects on ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets over the Southern Ocean.

Resource type

document

Resource locator

Unique resource identifier

code

http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7wm1hzj

codeSpace

Dataset language

eng

Spatial reference system

code identifying the spatial reference system

Classification of spatial data and services

Topic category

geoscientificInformation

Keywords

Keyword set

keyword value

Text

originating controlled vocabulary

title

Resource Type

reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Geographic location

West bounding longitude

East bounding longitude

North bounding latitude

South bounding latitude

Temporal reference

Temporal extent

Begin position

End position

Dataset reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2021-12-27T00:00:00Z

Frequency of update

Quality and validity

Lineage

Conformity

Data format

name of format

version of format

Constraints related to access and use

Constraint set

Use constraints

Limitations on public access

None

Responsible organisations

Responsible party

contact position

OpenSky Support

organisation name

UCAR/NCAR - Library

full postal address

PO Box 3000

Boulder

80307-3000

email address

opensky@ucar.edu

web address

http://opensky.ucar.edu/

name: homepage

responsible party role

pointOfContact

Metadata on metadata

Metadata point of contact