edu.ucar.opensky::articles:21748 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:58:20.303630 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7bv7kfc Stratospheric injection of brominated very short-lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models 2018-05-28T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7bv7kfc https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978 Wales, P. A. author Salawitch, R. J. author Nicely, J. M. author Anderson, D. C. author Canty, T. P. author Baidar, S. author Dix, B. author Koenig, T. K. author Volkamer, R. author Chen, D. author Huey, L. G. author Tanner, D. J. author Cuevas, C. A. author Fernandez, R. P. author Kinnison, Douglas E. author Lamarque, Jean-François author Saiz-Lopez, A. author Atlas, E. L. author Hall, Samuel R. author Navarro, M. A. author Pan, Laura L. author Schauffler, Sue author Stell, Meghan author Tilmes, Simone author Ullmann, Kirk author Weinheimer, Andrew author Akiyoshi, H. author Chipperfield, M. P. author Deushi, M. author Dhomse, S. S. author Feng, W. author Graf, P. author Hossaini, R. author Jöckel, P. author Mancini, E. author Michou, M. author Morgenstern, O. author Oman, L. D. author Pitari, G. author Plummer, D. A. author Revell, L. E. author Rozanov, E. author Saint-Martin, D. author Schofield, R. author Stenke, A. author Stone, K. A. author Visioni, D. author Yamashita, Y. author Zeng, G. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short-lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.02.1ppt, in agreement with the 53ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC-11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.90.6ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.12.1ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer-lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation