edu.ucar.opensky::articles:22351 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:41:19.417837 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ns0xzp Holistic assessment of SO2 injections using CESM1(WACCM): Introduction to the Special Issue 2019-01-17T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ns0xzp https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029293 Kravitz, B. author MacMartin, D. G. author Tilmes, Simone author Richter, Jadwiga H. author Mills, Michael J. author Lamarque, Jean-François author Tribbia, Joseph author Large, William G. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher We introduce a special issue on a holistic assessment of solar geoengineering via stratospheric SO2 injection in the state-of-the-art climate model, Community Earth System Model, version 1 with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model as its atmospheric component (CESM1(WACCM)). This model has numerous complexities that allow it to represent some of the most important nonlinearities associated with stratospheric SO2 injection, including aerosol microphysical growth and stratospheric chemistry. The studies described herein represent the steps toward and first attempt in a state-of-the-art climate model to use solar geoengineering to meet multiple simultaneous objectives via SO2 injection at multiple locations. First, a set of simulations was carried out to better understand the response of the model to variations in latitude, altitude, and amount of sulfur dioxide injections. Subsequently, in a century-long simulation, a feedback algorithm was employed to meet specific objectives and manage uncertainty, wherein the injection amount at each location was adjusted every model year. Most of the analyses contained in this special issue focus on surface climate and stratospheric changes in the simulations. In addition, 20 ensemble members of the feedback simulation have been carried out and provided to the community (the Geoengineering Large Ensemble) to expand the scope of analyses to low signal-to-noise ratio fields, including regional effects, impacts assessment, and extreme events. The demonstration provided by these simulations is a step toward understanding the space of achievable climate objectives via solar geoengineering or, phrased differently, determining what solar geoengineering can do and what it cannot do. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2019 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation