edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43936 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T17:44:29.634224 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7pv6qtp https://doi.org/10.20383/103.01245 https Related Dataset #1 Global Satellite-Based Atmospheric Profiles from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment SciSat Level 2 Processed Data, v5.2, 2004-2024 https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA/3516 https Related Dataset #2 MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Ozone (O3) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V005 https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA/3569 https Related Dataset #3 MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Mixing Ratio on Zonal and Similar Grids V005 https://doi.org/10.5067/CX2B9NW6FI27 https Related Dataset #4 OMPS-NPP L2 LP Aerosol Extinction Vertical Profile swath daily 3slit V2 https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AV1MN3 https Related Dataset #5 Data and code for: "Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019/2020 Australian wildfire smoke" Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfire smoke 2025-07-22T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7pv6qtp https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7683-2025 Stone, K. author Solomon, S. author Yu, P. author Murphy, D. M. author Kinnison, Douglas E. author Guan, J. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The very large pyrocumulonimbus events that occurred during the Australian summer of 2019–2020 caused extremely unusual partitioning of stratospheric chlorine in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude and Antarctic regions not only in 2020 but also in 2021. This was likely caused by enhanced HCl solubility in organic species that increased heterogeneous chemistry. Here, we show that observed HCl and ClONO2 values remain outside the pre-wildfire satellite range, measured from 2005 until just prior to the event, in both the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude and Antarctic regions in 2021. Through model simulations, we replicate this prolonged multiyear chemical perturbation, in good agreement with observations. This was achieved by calculating the HCl solubility in mixed wildfire and sulfate aerosols consistent with assumptions of (1)&nbsp;liquid–liquid phase separation and (2)&nbsp;linear dependence on organic and sulfate composition. The model simulations also suggest that the Australian pyrocumulonimbus organic aerosols contributed to low midlatitude ozone values in 2020 and 2021. A marked, photochemically controlled seasonality of the chemical perturbations and ozone depletion is also observed and simulated, and its underlying chemical drivers are identified. This work highlights that lower concentrations of smoke still had profound effects on stratospheric heterogeneous chemistry more than a year after the 2019–2020 wildfire event. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation