edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25629 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T20:07:11.172640 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7t43xwx https://doi.org/10.25921/8njr-8w74 https Related Dataset #1 NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gulf of Maine age corrected radiocarbon data measured in Arctica islandica shells from 1685-1986 https://doi.org/10.7289/V5T72FNM https Related Dataset #2 NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5 Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine 2022-08-08T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7t43xwx https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 Whitney, Nina M. author Wanamaker, A. D. author Ummenhofer, C. C. author Johnson, B. J. author Cresswell-Clay, N. author Kreutz, K. J. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The Gulf of Maine, located in the western North Atlantic, has undergone recent, rapid ocean warming but the lack of long-term, instrumental records hampers the ability to put these significant hydrographic changes into context. Here we present multiple 300-year long geochemical records (oxygen, nitrogen, and previously published radiocarbon isotopes) measured in absolutely-dated Arctica islandica shells from the western Gulf of Maine. These records, in combination with climate model simulations, suggest that the Gulf of Maine underwent a long-term cooling over most of the last 1000 years, driven primarily by volcanic forcing and North Atlantic ocean dynamics. This cooling trend was reversed by warming beginning in the late 1800s, likely due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and changes in western North Atlantic circulation. The climate model simulations suggest that the warming over the last century was more rapid than almost any other 100-year period in the last 1000 years in the region. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation