edu.ucar.opensky::articles:23413 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:09:00.745750 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7bk1gmb Mechanisms responsible for stratosphere-to-troposphere transport around a mesoscale convective system anvil 2020-05-27T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7bk1gmb https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032016 Phoenix, D. B. author Homeyer, C. R. author Barth, Mary author Trier, Stanley B. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Recent observational studies have shown that stratospheric air rich in ozone (O-3) is capable of being transported into the upper troposphere in association with tropopause-penetrating convection (anvil wrapping). This finding challenges the current understanding of upper tropospheric sources of O-3, which is traditionally thought to come from thunderstorm outflows where lightning-generated nitrogen oxides facilitate O-3 formation. Since tropospheric O-3 is an important greenhouse gas and the frequency and strength of tropopause-penetrating storms may change in a changing climate, it is important to understand the mechanisms driving this transport process so that it can be better represented in chemistry-climate models. Simulations of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) around which this transport process was observed are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry model adequately simulates anvil wrapping of ozone-rich air. Possible mechanisms that influence the transport, including small-scale static and dynamic instabilities and MCS-induced mesoscale circulations, are evaluated. Model results suggest that anvil wrapping is a two-step transport process (1) compensating subsidence surrounding the MCS, which is driven by mass conservation as the MCS transports tropospheric air into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, followed by (2) differential advection beneath the core of the MCS upper-tropospheric outflow jet which wraps high O-3 air around and under the MCS cloud anvil. Static and dynamic instabilities are not a leading contributor to this transport process. Continued fine-scale modeling of these events is needed to fully represent the stratosphere-to-troposphere transport process. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2020 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation