edu.ucar.opensky::articles:27018 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:55:53.200565 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7348qjb https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.920753 https Related Dataset #1 The ocean carbon sink estimate in the Global Carbon Budget 2019 https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/HIPPO_010 https Related Dataset #2 HIPPO Merged 10-Second Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1925 https Related Dataset #3 ATom: Merged Atmospheric Chemistry, Trace Gases, and Aerosols, Version 2 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6SB445X https Related Dataset #4 ORCAS Merge Products. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.6075/J0HQ3X30 https Related Dataset #5 Atmospheric Flask CO2 and Isotopic Data - Multiple Sampling Stations. In Scripps CO2 Program Data https://doi.org/10.25925/20201008 https Related Software #1 CarbonTracker CT2019B Improved atmospheric constraints on Southern Ocean CO2 exchange 2024-01-30T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7348qjb https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309333121 Jin, Yuming author Keeling, R. F. author Stephens, Britton author Long, Matthew author Patra, P. K. author Rödenbeck, C. author Morgan, E. J. author Kort, E. A. author Sweeney, C. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher We present improved estimates of air-sea CO2 exchange over three latitude bands of the Southern Ocean using atmospheric CO2 measurements from global airborne campaigns and an atmospheric 4 - box inverse model based on a mass- indexed isentropic coordinate (M theta e). These flux estimates show two features not clearly resolved in previous estimates based on inverting surface CO2 measurements: a weak winter - time outgassing in the polar region and a sharp phase transition of the seasonal flux cycles between polar/subpolar and subtropical regions. The estimates suggest much stronger summer - time uptake in the polar/subpolar regions than estimates derived through neural- network interpolation of pCO2 data obtained with profiling floats but somewhat weaker uptake than a recent study by Long et al. [Science 374, 1275-1280 (2021)], who used the same airborne data and multiple atmospheric transport models (ATMs) to constrain surface fluxes. Our study also uses moist static energy (MSE) budgets from reanalyses to show that most ATMs tend to have excessive diabatic mixing (transport across moist isentrope, 0e, or M theta e surfaces) at high southern latitudes in the austral summer, which leads to biases in estimates of air-sea CO2 exchange. Furthermore, we show that the MSE-based constraint is consistent with an independent constraint on atmospheric mixing based on combining airborne and surface CO2 observations. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation