edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26607 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:24:32.507018 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d75x2dz8 https://doi.org/10.7289/V5W9574V https Related Dataset #1 NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level II Base Data https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX https Related Service #1 Cheyenne: SGI ICE XA Cluster Improving the representation of hail in the Thompson microphysics scheme 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d75x2dz8 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0319.1 Jensen, Anders A. author Thompson, Gregory author Ikeda, Kyoko author Tessendorf, Sarah A. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Methods to improve the representation of hail in the Thompson-Eidhammer microphysics scheme are ex-plored. A new two-moment and predicted density graupel category is implemented into the Thompson-Eidhammer scheme. Additionally, the one-moment graupel category's intercept parameter is modified, based on hail observations, to shift the properties of the graupel category to become more hail-like since the category is designed to represent both grau-pel and hail. Finally, methods to diagnose maximum expected hail size at the surface and aloft are implemented. The origi-nal Thompson-Eidhammer version, the newly implemented two-moment and predicted density graupel version, and the modified (to be more hail-like) one-moment version are evaluated using a case that occurred during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign, during which hail-producing storms merged into a strong mesoscale convec-tive system. The three versions of the scheme are evaluated for their ability to predict hail sizes compared to observed hail sizes from storm reports and estimated from radar, their ability to predict radar reflectivity signatures at various altitudes, and their ability to predict cold-pool features like temperature and wind speed. One key benefit of using the two-moment and predicted density graupel category is that the simulated reflectivity values in the upper levels of discrete storms are clearly improved. This improvement coincides with a significant reduction in the areal extent of graupel aloft, also seen when using the updated one-moment scheme. The two-moment and predicted density graupel scheme is also better able to predict a wide variety of hail sizes at the surface, including large (.2-in. diameter) hail that was observed during this case. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Meteorological Society (AMS). None eng geoscientificInformation