edu.ucar.opensky::articles:42381 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:01:37.917597 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7j38xw0 Impacts of thunderstorm‐generated gravity waves on the ionosphere‐thermosphere using TIEGCM‐NG/MAGIC simulations and comparisons with GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC‐2 observations 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7j38xw0 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032854 Lu, X. author Wu, Haonan author Heale, C. author England, S. author Zhang, S. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher We use the TIEGCM&#8208;NG nudged by MAGIC gravity waves to study the impacts of a severe thunderstorm system, with a hundred tornado touchdowns, on the ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances. The generated waves induce a distinct concentric ring pattern on GNSS TIDs with horizontal scales of 150&#8211;400&#160;km and phase speeds of 150&#8211;300&#160;m/s, which is well simulated by the model. The waves show substantial vertical evolution in period, initially dominated by 0.5&#160;hr at 200&#160;km, shifting to 0.25&#160;hr and with more higher&#8208;frequency waves appearing at higher altitudes (&#8764;400&#160;km). The TADs reach amplitudes of 100&#160;m/s, 60&#160;m/s, 80&#160;K, and 10% in horizontal winds, vertical wind, temperature, and relative neutral density, respectively. Significantly perturbations in electron density cause dramatic changes in its nighttime structure around 200&#160;km and near the EIA crest. The concentric TIDs are also simulated in ion drifts and mapped from the Tornado region to the conjugate hemisphere likely due to neutral wind&#8208;induced electric field perturbations. The waves manage to impact the ionosphere at altitudes of ICON and COSMIC&#8208;2, which pass through the region of interest on a total of 8 separate orbits. In situ ion density observations from these spacecrafts reveal periodic fluctuations that frequently show good agreement with the TIEGCM&#8208;NG simulation. The O + fraction observations from ICON indicate that the density fluctuations are the result of vertical transport of the ions in this region, which could result from either direct forcing by neutral winds or electrodynamic coupling. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation