edu.ucar.opensky::articles:27189 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T18:50:39.604535 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cj8jn7 Secondary ice production improves simulations of freezing rain 2024-04-28T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7cj8jn7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108490 Cholette, M. author Milbrandt, J. A. author Morrison, Hugh author Kirk, S. author Lalonde, L. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Weather forecasts and climate projections of precipitation phase and type in winter storms are challenging due to the complicated underlying microphysical and dynamical processes. In the Canadian numerical weather prediction model, explicit freezing rain (FR) at the surface is often overestimated during the winter season for situations in which snow is observed. For a case study simulated using this model with the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme, the secondary ice production (SIP) process has a major impact on the surface precipitation type. Parameterized SIP substantially reduces FR due to increased collection of supercooled drops with ice particles formed by rime splintering. Hindcast simulations of 40 winter cases show that these results are systematic, and the decreased frequency of FR leads to improved forecast skill relative to observations. Thus, accounting for SIP in the model is critical for accurately simulating precipitation types. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation