edu.ucar.opensky::articles:22085 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T15:46:25.801733 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7639sng Physics–dynamics coupling in weather, climate, and Earth system models: Challenges and recent progress 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7639sng https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0345.1 Gross, M. author Wan, H. author Rasch, P. J. author Caldwell, P. M. author Williamson, David author KLOCKE, D. author Jablonowski, C. author Thatcher, D. R. author Wood, N. author Cullen, M. author Beare, B. author Willett, M. author Lemarié, F. author Blayo, E. author Malardel, S. author Termonia, P. author Gassmann, A. author Lauritzen, Peter H. author Johansen, H. author Zarzycki, Colin author Sakaguchi, K. author Leung, R. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Numerical weather, climate, or Earth system models involve the coupling of components. At a broad level, these components can be classified as the resolved fluid dynamics, unresolved fluid dynamical aspects (i.e., those represented by physical parameterizations such as subgrid-scale mixing), and nonfluid dynamical aspects such as radiation and microphysical processes. Typically, each component is developed, at least initially, independently. Once development is mature, the components are coupled to deliver a model of the required complexity. The implementation of the coupling can have a significant impact on the model. As the error associated with each component decreases, the errors introduced by the coupling will eventually dominate. Hence, any improvement in one of the components is unlikely to improve the performance of the overall system. The challenges associated with combining the components to create a coherent model are here termed physics-dynamics coupling. The issue goes beyond the coupling between the parameterizations and the resolved fluid dynamics. This paper highlights recent progress and some of the current challenges. It focuses on three objectives: to illustrate the phenomenology of the coupling problem with references to examples in the literature, to show how the problem can be analyzed, and to create awareness of the issue across the disciplines and specializations. The topics addressed are different ways of advancing full models in time, approaches to understanding the role of the coupling and evaluation of approaches, coupling ocean and atmosphere models, thermodynamic compatibility between model components, and emerging issues such as those that arise as model resolutions increase and/or models use variable resolutions. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2018 American Meteorological Society. None eng geoscientificInformation