edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26557 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:29:40.729444 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7b28090 https://doi.org/10.15138/P8XG-AA10 https Related Dataset #1 Trends in globally-averaged CH4, N2O, and SF6 https://doi.org/10.17632/gb7695c4vy.2 https Related Dataset #2 Natural_SLH_impact_on_climate Natural short-lived halogens exert an indirect cooling effect on climate 2023-06-29T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7b28090 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06119-z Saiz-Lopez, A. author Fernandez, R. P. author Li, Q. author Cuevas, C. A. author Fu, X. author Kinnison, Douglas E. author Tilmes, Simone author Mahajan, A. S. author Gómez Martín, J. C. author Iglesias-Suarez, F. author Hossaini, R. author Plane, J. M. C. author Myhre, G. author Lamarque, Jean-François author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Observational evidence shows the ubiquitous presence of ocean-emitted short-lived halogens in the global atmosphere(1-3). Natural emissions of these chemical compounds have been anthropogenically amplified since pre-industrial times(4-6), while, in addition, anthropogenic short-lived halocarbons are currently being emitted to the atmosphere(7,8). Despite their widespread distribution in the atmosphere, the combined impact of these species on Earth's radiative balance remains unknown. Here we show that short-lived halogens exert a substantial indirect cooling effect at present (-0.13 +/- 0.03 watts per square metre) that arises from halogen-mediated radiative perturbations of ozone (-0.24 +/- 0.02 watts per square metre), compensated by those from methane (+0.09 +/- 0.01 watts per square metre), aerosols (+0.03 +/- 0.01 watts per square metre) and stratospheric water vapour (+0.011 +/- 0.001 watts per square metre). Importantly, this substantial cooling effect has increased since 1750 by -0.05 +/- 0.03 watts per square metre (61 per cent), driven by the anthropogenic amplification of natural halogen emissions, and is projected to change further (18-31 per cent by 2100) depending on climate warming projections and socioeconomic development. We conclude that the indirect radiative effect due to short-lived halogens should now be incorporated into climate models to provide a more realistic natural baseline of Earth's climate system. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation