Identification

Title

Coupled thermosphere-ionosphere tongue‐like structure during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm on 12 May 2021

Abstract

A coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere tongue‐like structure was observed in the daytime at middle latitudes by ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations during the storm recovery phase on 12 May 2021. The storm‐induced variations in total electron content (TEC) and the column density ratio of O to N 2 (∑O/N 2 ) both showed a relatively narrow region of enhancement in latitude, originating from low latitudes and surrounded by depleted regions. The concurrent neutral temperature observations also showed a tongue‐like decrease surrounded by temperature enhancements. The Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) qualitatively reproduced the observed thermosphere‐ionosphere structure. The simulations indicate that the formation of the TEC tongue‐like structure was dominated by the enhanced ΣO/N 2 . Unlike the previously reported tongue of ionization (TOI) driven by E × B drifts, the tongue‐like structure occurred at relatively lower geomagnetic latitudes (∼30–∼65) and had a smaller magnitude of enhancement. This is the first time that the concurrent tongue‐like structures in thermospheric composition, temperature and electron density are observed, which advances the understanding of thermosphere‐ionosphere coupling.

Resource type

document

Resource locator

Unique resource identifier

code

https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7x92gnp

codeSpace

Dataset language

eng

Spatial reference system

code identifying the spatial reference system

Classification of spatial data and services

Topic category

geoscientificInformation

Keywords

Keyword set

keyword value

Text

originating controlled vocabulary

title

Resource Type

reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Geographic location

West bounding longitude

East bounding longitude

North bounding latitude

South bounding latitude

Temporal reference

Temporal extent

Begin position

End position

Dataset reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Frequency of update

Quality and validity

Lineage

Conformity

Data format

name of format

version of format

Constraints related to access and use

Constraint set

Use constraints

Limitations on public access

None

Responsible organisations

Responsible party

contact position

OpenSky Support

organisation name

UCAR/NCAR - Library

full postal address

PO Box 3000

Boulder

80307-3000

email address

opensky@ucar.edu

web address

http://opensky.ucar.edu/

name: homepage

responsible party role

pointOfContact

Metadata on metadata

Metadata point of contact