edu.ucar.opensky::articles:25591 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T22:39:34.549711 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ng4vfj https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6526021 https Related JournalArticle #1 Data of TIEGCM Simulation for manuscript "Explaining Solar Flare-Induced Ionospheric Ion Upflow at Millstone Hill (42.6° N)" Explaining solar flare-induced ionospheric ion upflow at Millstone Hill (42.6°n) 2022-07-13T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ng4vfj https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030185 Liu, X. author Liu, J. author Wang, Wenbin author Zhang, S. author Zhang, K. author Lei, J. author Liu, L. author Chen, X. author Li, S. author Zhang, Q. author Xing, Z. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Previous studies have shown that solar flares can significantly affect Earth's ionosphere and induce ion upflow with a magnitude of similar to 110 m/s in the topside ionosphere (similar to 570 km) at Millstone Hill (42.61 degrees N, 71.48 degrees W). We use simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and observations from Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) at Millstone Hill to reveal the mechanism of ionospheric ion upflow near the X9.3 flare peak (07:16 LT) on 6 September 2017. The ISR observed ionospheric upflow was captured by the TIEGCM in both magnitude and morphology. The term analysis of the F-region ion continuity equation during the solar flare shows that the ambipolar diffusion enhancement is the main driver for the upflow in the topside ionosphere, while ion drifts caused by electric fields and neutral winds play a secondary role. Further decomposition of the ambipolar diffusive velocity illustrates that flare-induced changes in the vertical plasma density gradient is responsible for ion upflow. The changes in the vertical plasma density gradient are mainly due to solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 15.5-79.8 nm) induced electron density and temperature enhancements at the F-2-region ionosphere with a minor and indirectly contribution from X-ray (0-15.5 nm) and ultraviolet (UV, 79.8-102.7 nm). UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2022 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation