edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43161 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T17:54:49.444602 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d75x2fbm https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25909483.v1 https Related Dataset #1 Urban Land Expansion Amplifies Surface Warming More in Dry Climate than in Wet Climate: A Global Sensitivity Study https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX https Related Service #1 Cheyenne: SGI ICE XA Cluster Urban land expansion amplifies surface warming more in dry climate than in wet climate: A global sensitivity study 2025-02-28T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d75x2fbm https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041696 Zhang, K. author Fang, B. author Oleson, Keith W. author Zhao, L. author He, C. author Huang, Q. author Liu, Z. author Cao, C. author Lee, X. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Urbanization changes Earth's climate by contributing to the buildup of atmospheric greenhouse gases and altering surface biophysical properties. In climate models, the greenhouse aspect is prescribed with urbanization and emission trajectories embedded in socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). However, the biophysical aspect is omitted because no models currently simulate spatially explicit urban land transition. Urban land is typically warmer than adjacent natural land due to a large urban&#8208;versus&#8208;natural land contrast in biophysical properties. The lack of biophysical representation of urbanization in climate models raises the possibility that model projection of future warming may be biased low, especially in areas with intense urban land expansion. Here, we conduct a global sensitivity study using a dynamic urban scheme in the Community Earth System Model to quantify the biophysical effect of urban land expansion under the SSP5&#8208;RCP8.5 scenario. Constant urban radiative, thermal, and morphological properties are used. We find that the biophysical effect depends on land aridity. In climate zones where surface evaporation is water&#8208;limited, the biophysical effect causes a significant increase in air temperature (0.28&#160;&#177;&#160;0.19&#160;K; mean&#160;&#177;&#160;one standard deviation of nine ensemble pairs; p &#160;&lt;&#160;0.01) in areas where urban expansion exceeds 5% by 2070. The majority of this warming signal is attributed to an indirect effect associated with atmospheric and land feedback, with the direct effect of land replacement playing a minor role. These atmospheric feedback processes, including solar brightening, soil drying, and stomatal closure, act to enhance the warming initiated by surface property changes of urban land replacement. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation