edu.ucar.opensky::articles:18167 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T13:38:05.033093 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7x3501w Kepler's first rocky planet: Kepler-10b 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7x3501w https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/27 Batalha, N. author Borucki, W. author Bryson, S. author Buchhave, L. author Caldwell, D. author Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen author Ciardi, D. author Dunham, E. author Fressin, F. author Gautier, T. author Gilliland, R. author Haas, M. author Howell, S. author Jenkins, J. author Kjeldsen, H. author Koch, D. author Latham, D. author Lissauer, J. author Marcy, G. author Rowe, J. author Sasselov, D. author Seager, S. author Steffen, J. author Torres, G. author Basri, G. author Brown, T. author Charbonneau, D. author Christiansen, J. author Clarke, B. author Cochran, W. author Dupree, A. author Fabrycky, D. author Fischer, D. author Ford, E. author Fortney, J. author Girouard, F. author Holman, M. author Johnson, J. author Isaacson, H. author Klaus, T. author Machalek, P. author Moorehead, A. author Morehead, R. author Ragozzine, D. author Tenenbaum, P. author Twicken, J. author Quinn, S. author VanCleve, J. author Walkowicz, L. author Welsh, W. author DeVore, E. author Gould, A. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher NASA's Kepler Mission uses transit photometry to determine the frequency of Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The mission reached a milestone toward meeting that goal: the discovery of its first rocky planet, Kepler-10b. Two distinct sets of transit events were detected: (1) a 152 ± 4 ppm dimming lasting 1.811 ± 0.024 hr with ephemeris T [BJD] =2454964.57375⁺⁰'⁰⁰⁰⁶⁰ ₋₀.₀₀₀₈₂ + N*0.837495⁺⁰'⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰⁴ ₋₀.₀₀₀₀₀₅ days and (2) a 376 ± 9 ppm dimming lasting 6.86 ± 0.07 hr with ephemeris T [BJD] =2454971.6761⁺⁰'⁰⁰²⁰ ₋₀.₀₀₂₃ + N*45.29485⁺⁰'⁰⁰⁰⁶⁵ ₋₀.₀₀₀₇₆ days. Statistical tests on the photometric and pixel flux time series established the viability of the planet candidates triggering ground-based follow-up observations. Forty precision Doppler measurements were used to confirm that the short-period transit event is due to a planetary companion. The parent star is bright enough for asteroseismic analysis. Photometry was collected at 1 minute cadence for >4 months from which we detected 19 distinct pulsation frequencies. Modeling the frequencies resulted in precise knowledge of the fundamental stellar properties. Kepler-10 is a relatively old (11.9 ± 4.5 Gyr) but otherwise Sun-like main-sequence star with T eff = 5627 ± 44 K, M ⋆ = 0.895 ± 0.060 M ⊙, and R ⋆ = 1.056 ± 0.021 R ⊙. Physical models simultaneously fit to the transit light curves and the precision Doppler measurements yielded tight constraints on the properties of Kepler-10b that speak to its rocky composition: M P = 4.56⁺¹'¹⁷ ₋₁.₂₉ M ⊕, R P = 1.416⁺⁰'⁰³³ ₋₀.₀₃₆ R ⊕, and ρP = 8.8⁺²'¹ ₋₂.₉ g cm⁻³. Kepler-10b is the smallest transiting exoplanet discovered to date. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication An edited version of this article was published by the Institute of Physics on behalf of the American Astronomical Society. Copyright 2011 the American Astronomical Society. None eng geoscientificInformation