edu.ucar.opensky::articles:11551 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T13:37:27.144989 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7zs2x31 Entrainment and budgets of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide in a convective boundary layer driven by time-varying forcing 2011-03-30T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7zs2x31 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014938 Huang, J. author Lee, X. author Patton, Edward G. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher A large-eddy simulation (LES) code is coupled with a land surface model to investigate the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The diurnal evolution of the ABL is driven by a time-varying incoming solar radiation. The results show that the domain average surface fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide are smooth functions of time but the fluxes at any given surface grid point show random variations, especially the sensible heat flux. At the ABL top, the LES-resolved entrainment fluxes of these scalars also evolve with time and are not fixed fractions of their respective surface fluxes. Entrainment efficiency (the ratio of entrainment flux at zi to weδφ, where zi is the ABL height, we is entrainment velocity, and δφ is the jump of scalar across the entrainment zone) is highest for CO₂ and lowest for sensible heat. The first-order jump condition model is very good approximation to simulated entrainment fluxes which are largely controlled by the vertical gradients of the scalars across the capping inversion. Our results suggest that over the range of geostrophic winds considered (0 - 5 m s⁻¹), neither the surface nor the entrainment flux reveals sensitivity to the geostrophic wind speed variations. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2011 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation