edu.ucar.opensky::articles:13177 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T03:34:58.185568 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d751404b Bayesian upscaling of aircraft ice measurements to two-dimensional domains for large-scale applications 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d751404b https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-013-0303-3 Jameson, A. author Heymsfield, Andrew J. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher What is new in this manuscript is a method of using aircraft observations from a long horizontal path through an ice cloud to produce properly correlated 2D fields of particle counts consistent with the observations, including all null values, at several different sizes for use in algorithm development and in scientific studies. A Bayesian approach is used to define the distributions of average counts, P(C), at every size. These are, in turn, used to expand the number of values at each particle size by a factor of 50. These data, then fill a square 2D grid of 20 × 20 km at 100-m resolution. At each grid point, the number concentrations corresponding to each particle size define the particle size distributions (PSD). A method for assuring the proper correlation of counts at each size over the entire grid is devised and discussed. These PSD can then be integrated to yield a number of different quantities over the entire grid such as radar reflectivities and ice water contents. From this perspective, one can then consider the set of observations as just one realization from a much larger ensemble of possible realizations by giving fuller expression to all of the information contained within the observed correlation functions and P(C)s. The in situ observations, however, remain crucial since this method does not 'make-up' new meteorology but simply gives wider expression to the meteorology contained within the observations. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2014 Springer Vienna None eng geoscientificInformation