edu.ucar.opensky::articles:23908 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-25T06:38:58.773731 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7xk8jwp Global carbon budget 2020 2020-12-11T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7xk8jwp https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 Friedlingstein, P. author O'Sullivan, M. author Jones, M. W. author Andrew, R. M. author Hauck, J. author Olsen, A. author Peters, G. P. author Peters, W. author Pongratz, J. author Sitch, S. author Le Quéré, C. author Canadell, J. G. author Ciais, P. author Jackson, R. B. author Alin, S. author Aragão, L. E. O. C. author Arneth, A. author Arora, V. author Bates, N. R. author Becker, M. author Benoit-Cattin, A. author Bittig, H. C. author Bopp, L. author Bultan, S. author Chandra, N. author Chevallier, F. author Chini, L. P. author Evans, W. author Florentie, L. author Forster, P. M. author Gasser, T. author Gehlen, M. author Gilfillan, D. author Gkritzalis, T. author Gregor, L. author Gruber, N. author Harris, I. author Hartung, K. author Haverd, V. author Houghton, R. A. author Ilyina, T. author Jain, A. K. author Joetzjer, E. author Kadono, K. author Kato, E. author Kitidis, V. author Korsbakken, J. I. author Landschützer, P. author Lefèvre, N. author Lenton, A. author Lienert, S. author Liu, Z. author Lombardozzi, Danica author Marland, G. author Metzl, N. author Munro, D. R. author Nabel, J. E. M. S. author Nakaoka, S. author Niwa, Y. author O'Brien, K. author Ono, T. author Palmer, P. I. author Pierrot, D. author Poulter, B. author Resplandy, L. author Robertson, E. author Rödenbeck, C. author Schwinger, J. author Séférian, R. author Skjelvan, I. author Smith, A. J. P. author Sutton, A. J. author Tanhua, T. author Tans, P. P. author Tian, H. author Tilbrook, B. author van der Werf, G. author Vuichard, N. author Walker, A. P. author Wanninkhof, R. author Watson, A. J. author Willis, D. author Wiltshire, A. J. author Yuan, W. author Yue, X. author Zaehle, S. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions ( EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change ( ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink ( SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink ( S-LAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance ( B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the last decade available (2010-2019), E-FOS was 9.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.4 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.6 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1). For the same decade, GATM was 5.1 +/- 0.02 GtC yr(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1)), SOCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.6 GtC yr(-1) and SLAND 3.4 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1), with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.1 GtC yr(-1) indicating a near balance between estimated sources and sinks over the last decade. For the year 2019 alone, the growth in EFOS was only about 0.1% with fossil emissions increasing to 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.7 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.8 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr 1 (42.2 +/- 3.3 GtCO(2)). Also for 2019, GATM was 5.4 +/- 0.2 GtC yr 1 (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr 1), SOCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.6 GtC yr 1, and SLAND was 3.1 +/- 1.2 GtC yr(-1), with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 409.85 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2019. Preliminary data for 2020, accounting for the COVID-19-induced changes in emissions, suggest a decrease in EFOS relative to 2019 of about 7% (median estimate) based on individual estimates from four studies of 6 %, 7 %, 7% ( 3% to 11 %), and 13 %. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2019, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr 1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). 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