edu.ucar.opensky::articles:14239 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T03:27:06.644982 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77h1kj2 https://doi.org/10.5065/D69K487J https Related Dataset #1 NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 6-hourly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 A sensitivity study of high-resolution regional climate simulations to three land surface models over the western United States 2014-06-27T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d77h1kj2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021827 Chen, Feng author Liu, Changhai author Dudhia, Jimy author Chen, Ming author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The Weather Research Forecasting model is applied for convection-permitting regional climate simulations over the western United States using three different land surface schemes (Noah, NoahMP, and CLM). Simulated precipitation, temperature, and snow water equivalent (SWE) are evaluated by comparing against Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) and Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) observations. The results show that all simulations realistically reproduce the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation without significant sensitivity to the choice of land surface scheme, even though they tend to overestimate the magnitude of the SNOTEL data by about 15%. Comparing the bias with respect to the SNOTEL data, CLM is superior in 2 m maximum temperature, while NoahMP is most skillful in 2 m minimum temperature. Land surface parameterizations have high impacts on snowpack simulations. The SWE peaks too early with an unrealistically low value and also ablates too fast in Noah. NoahMP improves the SWE estimate to some extent, and CLM best represents the observations. Overall, CLM and NoahMP outperform Noah. Further analysis reveals that these differences are largely attributed to distinct rainfall-snowfall partitioning, snow albedo treatment, vegetation treatment, and surface data in these schemes. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2014 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation