edu.ucar.opensky::technotes:243 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T17:29:54.518017 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vt1rhc Case Studies on Convective Storms / Case Study 5, 12 July 1978: First Echo Case 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vt1rhc https://doi.org/10.5065/D6QN64PW Hunter, S. author Knight, C. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher A small, isolated, short-lived cumulus congestus was studied using primarily a10 cm radar, a cloud penetration with an instrumented sailplane, and time-lapse photography froman aircraft some 40 km distant. The radar data reveal a conventional reflectivity history for the northeast Colorado region. The sailplane penetration shows updraft until the reflectivity maximum was reached, then downdraft, and that the precipitation formation was through the ice process primarily. The photography indicates that the cloud top attained -200��C nearly fifteen minutes before the first 5 dBZ echo, which occurred nearly simultaneously throughout a vertical zone from -10 to -30��C. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Precipitating convective cloud systems Cloud microphysics Cumulus congestus Wind dynamics Cloud dynamics theme U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Change Master Directory GCMD 2021-09-17 revision 11.2 NASA Global Change Master Directory originator Valids List: Science and Services Keywords Copyright Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation