edu.ucar.opensky::articles:24714 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T23:04:02.740507 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7b56p66 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.2081 https Related Dataset #1 NASA-GISS GISS-E2-2-G model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.3714 https Related Dataset #2 CNRM-CERFACS CNRM-ESM2-1 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP for experiment 1pctCO2 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.5356 https Related Dataset #3 MRI MRI-ESM2.0 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP 1pctCO2 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.5792 https Related Dataset #4 MOHC UKESM1.0-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP 1pctCO2 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.6109 https Related Dataset #5 MOHC HadGEM3-GC31-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.6113 https Related Dataset #6 MOHC UKESM1.0-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.8473 https Related Dataset #7 NOAA-GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP 1pctCO2 https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.8597 https Related Dataset #8 NOAA-GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical The Brewer-Dobson circulation in CMIP6 2021-09-10T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7b56p66 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13571-2021 Abalos, M. author Calvo, N. author Benito-Barca, S. author Garny, H. author Hardiman, S. C. author Lin, P. author Andrews, M. B. author Butchart, N. author García, Rolando R. author Orbe, C. author Saint-Martin, D. author Watanabe, S. author Yoshida, K. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher The Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) is a key feature of the stratosphere that models need to accurately represent in order to simulate surface climate variability and change adequately. For the first time, the Climate Model Intercomparison Project includes in its phase 6 (CMIP6) a set of diagnostics that allow for careful evaluation of the BDC. Here, the BDC is evaluated against observations and reanalyses using historical simulations. CMIP6 results confirm the well-known inconsistency in the sign of BDC trends between observations and models in the middle and upper stratosphere. Nevertheless, the large uncertainty in the observational trend estimates opens the door to compatibility. In particular, when accounting for the limited sampling of the observations, model and observational trend error bars overlap in 40% of the simulations with available output. The increasing CO2 simulations feature an acceleration of the BDC but reveal a large spread in the middle-to-upper stratospheric trends, possibly related to the parameterized gravity wave forcing. The very close connection between the shallow branch of the residual circulation and surface temperature is highlighted, which is absent in the deep branch. The trends in mean age of air are shown to be more robust throughout the stratosphere than those in the residual circulation. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation