edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43326 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T17:52:44.063894 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7jq15d5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14880189 https Related Dataset #1 Limits on the efficacy of wave-particle interaction on the energization and transport of atomic and molecular heavy ionospheric ions Limits on the efficacy of wave‐particle interaction on the energization and transport of atomic and molecular heavy ionospheric ions 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7jq15d5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033523 Lin, Mei-Yun author Ilie, R. author Glocer, A. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Ionospheric molecular ions, such as , NO + , and , have been observed in Earth's high&#8208;altitude ionosphere and the magnetosphere by several spacecraft missions. Their presence not only indicates that they obtain sufficient energy through effective energization mechanisms, predominantly during the geomagnetically active times, but also provides clues regarding the connection between the ionosphere and the lower thermosphere. It is, however, unknown to date which physical processes are responsible for the transport and energization of molecular ions, as well as their relative contributions to the plasma surrounding the near&#8208;Earth region. In this study, we employ the Seven Ion Polar Wind Outflow Model (7iPWOM) and examine the properties of molecular , NO + , and upflows and outflows in response to wave activity. The 7iPWOM is a hybrid polar wind model which solves the transport of e &#8722; , H + , He + , N + , O + , , NO + , and , using a combination of hydrodynamics and kinetic particle&#8208;in&#8208;cell (PIC) approaches. This approach enables the inclusion of Wave&#8208;Particle Interaction (WPI) and Coulomb collisions, necessary to resolve the transport and acceleration of heavier species. The results suggest that the molecular ions are more sensitive to the wave spectrum than other ion species and exhibit a &#8220;valve&#8221; effect, meaning that a threshold wave energy is required to loft the molecular ions against the Earth's gravitational potential. Additionally, due to the limited supply of molecular ions from the ionosphere, the composition of ionospheric plasma is the primary controlling factor that regulates the abundance of molecular ion upflows and outflows. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation