edu.ucar.opensky::technotes:326 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T17:21:54.470487 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7jm292p Case Studies on Convective Storms / Case Study 1, 13 July 1978: First Echo Case 1983-01-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7jm292p https://doi.org/10.5065/D64747TR Breed, D. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher On 13 July 1978, a long-lived storm complex developed in southeastern Wyoming, and was well observed by aircraft and radars. The potential instability was weak to moderate on this day, and the environmental shear was fairly strong, resulting in an airmass thunderstorm of multi-cellular character. Data from the many penetrations by instrumented aircraft characterize various stages of development of seven cells that formed on the storm's western flank. Cloud particle sizes and types suggest accretion (riming) as the dominate particle growth mode. Further generalizations are made from quantitative photographic observations and single Doppler radar data. Aircraft measurements below cloud revealed extensive inflow regions and often showed strong updrafts, mainly on the west and southwest flanks. Rarely was an organized downdraft detected, and no gust front or outflow boundary was evident in any of the data. The study focuses on first-echo formation and cell development, though the major cells formed a moderately intense storm which lasted for several hours. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Precipitating convective cloud systems Cloud microphysics Wind dynamics Cloud dynamics theme U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Change Master Directory GCMD 2021-09-17 revision 11.2 NASA Global Change Master Directory originator Valids List: Science and Services Keywords Copyright Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. None eng geoscientificInformation