edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43890 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T17:45:19.779530 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7n58rtn https://doi.org/10.21947/1571453 https Related Dataset #1 Lidar - HilFlowS - LLNL ZephIR300 - MOP - Processed Data https://doi.org/10.21947/1571454 https Related Dataset #2 Surface Meteorological Station - HilFlowS - LLNL 52m tall tower - EOP - Processed Data https://doi.org/10.21947/1571455 https Related Dataset #3 Lidar - HilFlowS - LLNL ZephIR300 - WOP - Processed Data https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TX3DN0 https Related Dataset #4 United States Wind Turbine Database https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13871641 https Related Dataset #5 Evaluating mesoscale model predictions of diurnal speedup events in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area of California https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15724252 https Related Software #1 Code for: Evaluating mesoscale model predictions of diurnal speedup events in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area of California Evaluating mesoscale model predictions of diurnal speedup events in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area of California 2025-07-02T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7n58rtn https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1187-2025 Arthur, R. S. author Rybchuk, A. author Juliano, Timothy W. author Rios, G. author Wharton, S. author Lundquist, J. K. author Fast, J. D. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Mesoscale model predictions of wind, turbulence, and wind energy capacity factors are evaluated in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area of California (APWRA), where the diurnal regional sea breeze and associated terrain-driven speedup flows drive wind energy production during the summer months. Results from the Weather Research and Forecasting model version&nbsp;4.4 using a novel three-dimensional planetary boundary layer (3D PBL) scheme, which treats both vertical and horizontal turbulent mixing, are compared to those using a well-established one-dimensional (1D) scheme that treats only vertical turbulent mixing. Each configuration is evaluated over a nearly 3-month-long period during the Hill Flow Study, and due to the recurring nature of the observed speedup flows, diurnal composite averaging is used to capture robust trends in model performance. Both model configurations showed similar overall skill. The general timing and direction of the speedup flows is captured, but their magnitude is overestimated within a typical wind turbine rotor layer. Both also fail to capture a persistent observed near-surface jet-like flow, likely due to the limited grid resolution that is typical of mesoscale models. However, the 3D PBL configuration shows several minor improvements over the 1D PBL configuration, including improved wind speed and turbulence kinetic energy profiles during the accelerating phase of the speedup events, as well as reduced positive wind speed bias at surface stations across the APWRA region. Using a mesoscale wind farm parameterization, modeled capacity factors are also compared to monthly data reported to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) during the study period. Although the monthly trend in the data is captured, both model configurations overestimate capacity factors by roughly 7 %–11 %. Through model evaluation, this study provides confidence in the 3D PBL scheme for wind energy applications in complex terrain and provides guidance for future testing. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;" data-sheets-root="1">Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</span> None eng geoscientificInformation