edu.ucar.opensky::articles:21189 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T02:22:42.356049 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d71c20g8 CEDAR-GEM challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models in predicting TEC during the 2006 December storm event 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d71c20g8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001649 Shim, J. S. author Rastätter, L. author Kuznetsova, M. author Bilitza, D. author Codrescu, M. author Coster, A. J. author Emery, Barbara A. author Fedrizzi, M. author Förster, M. author Fuller-Rowell, T. J. author Gardner, L. C. author Goncharenko, L. author Huba, J. author McDonald, S. E. author Mannucci, A. J. author Namgaladze, A. A. author Pi, X. author Prokhorov, B. E. author Ridley, A. J. author Scherliess, L. author Schunk, R. W. author Sojka, J. J. author Zhu, L. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher In order to assess current modeling capability of reproducing storm impacts on total electron content (TEC), we considered quantities such as TEC, TEC changes compared to quiet time values, and the maximum value of the TEC and TEC changes during a storm. We compared the quantities obtained from ionospheric models against ground-based GPS TEC measurements during the 2006 AGU storm event (14-15 December 2006) in the selected eight longitude sectors. We used 15 simulations obtained from eight ionospheric models, including empirical, physics-based, coupled ionosphere-thermosphere, and data assimilation models. To quantitatively evaluate performance of the models in TEC prediction during the storm, we calculated skill scores such as RMS error, Normalized RMS error (NRMSE), ratio of the modeled to observed maximum increase (Yield), and the difference between the modeled peak time and observed peak time. Furthermore, to investigate latitudinal dependence of the performance of the models, the skill scores were calculated for five latitude regions. Our study shows that RMSE of TEC and TEC changes of the model simulations range from about 3 TECU (total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 10(16) el m(-2)) (in high latitudes) to about 13 TECU (in low latitudes), which is larger than latitudinal average GPS TEC error of about 2 TECU. Most model simulations predict TEC better than TEC changes in terms of NRMSE and the difference in peak time, while the opposite holds true in terms of Yield. Model performance strongly depends on the quantities considered, the type of metrics used, and the latitude considered. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2017 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation