Identification

Title

Mathematical modeling of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 using an ensemble Kalman filter

Abstract

In this paper, a mathematical model was developed to simulate SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in infected patients. The model considers both the innate and adaptive immune responses and consists of healthy cells, infected cells, viral load, cytokines, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, and antibody levels. First, a mathematical analysis was performed to discuss the model's equilibrium points and compute the basic reproduction number. The accuracy of such mathematical models may be affected by many sources of uncertainties due to the incomplete representation of the biological process and poorly known parameters. This may strongly limit their performance and prediction skills. A state-of-the-art data assimilation technique, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), was then used to enhance the model's behavior by incorporating available data to determine the best possible estimate of the model's state and parameters. The proposed assimilation system was applied on the real viral load datasets of six COVID-19 patients. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed assimilation system in improving the model predictions by up to 40%.</p>

Resource type

document

Resource locator

Unique resource identifier

code

http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7m048w6

codeSpace

Dataset language

eng

Spatial reference system

code identifying the spatial reference system

Classification of spatial data and services

Topic category

geoscientificInformation

Keywords

Keyword set

keyword value

Text

originating controlled vocabulary

title

Resource Type

reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Geographic location

West bounding longitude

East bounding longitude

North bounding latitude

South bounding latitude

Temporal reference

Temporal extent

Begin position

End position

Dataset reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2021-09-30T00:00:00Z

Frequency of update

Quality and validity

Lineage

Conformity

Data format

name of format

version of format

Constraints related to access and use

Constraint set

Use constraints

Limitations on public access

None

Responsible organisations

Responsible party

contact position

OpenSky Support

organisation name

UCAR/NCAR - Library

full postal address

PO Box 3000

Boulder

80307-3000

email address

opensky@ucar.edu

web address

http://opensky.ucar.edu/

name: homepage

responsible party role

pointOfContact

Metadata on metadata

Metadata point of contact