edu.ucar.opensky::articles:18716 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-26T02:47:46.646046 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74j0gs0 Strong modulations on the Bay of Bengal monsoon onset vortex by the first northward-propagating intra-seasonal oscillation 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d74j0gs0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2826-4 Li, K. author Li, Z. author Yang, Y. author Xiang, Baoqiang author Liu, Y. author Yu, W. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Monsoon onset vortex (OV) in the form of tropical cyclone is often observed in the pre-monsoon period and contributes to the subsequent abrupt establishment of summer monsoon over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). It is identified here that all historical OVs occurred during the convection-enhanced phase of the first northward-propagating intra-seasonal oscillation (FNISO). The individual contributions from the four large scale environmental fields associated with the intra-seasonal variations to the cyclone genesis are diagnosed with the aid of the genesis potential index. The significant moistening of mid-level atmosphere, which is embedded in the FNISO convection-enhanced phase, is shown to be the primary factor leading to the cyclone genesis. The water vapor budget analysis is further done to understand the governing process for the mid-level humidity increase. It is clearly seen that the vertical advection process, dominated by the anomalous vertical advection of the mean vertical water vapor gradient, plays the critical role. Hence the OVs are shown to be strongly modulated by FNISOs, both of which are important elements of the complex story of the BoB monsoon onset. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License None eng geoscientificInformation