edu.ucar.opensky::articles:26278 UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact 2025-12-24T19:34:20.726004 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ws8z6f https://doi.org/10.26023/55HP-PSEF-WC07 https Related Dataset #1 Single Particle Composition via STEM/EDS. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.26023/HN9Y-HEMX-3C0J https Related Dataset #2 Giant Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Impactor Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.26023/TTHZ-474E-B211 https Related Dataset #3 NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER Ice Spectrometer Data. Version 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5065/D6M32TM9 https Related Dataset #4 SOCRATES: Low Rate (LRT - 1 sps) Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics Flight-Level Data. Version 1.3 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6463951 https Related Dataset #5 Archived Model Output for "Simulating Observations of Southern Ocean Clouds and Implications for Climate" https://doi.org/10.5439/1259232 https Related Dataset #6 ARM: AOS Dry Nephelometer 1 Minute Averages https://doi.org/10.5439/1638968 https Related Dataset #7 MARCUS Ice Nucleating Particle Measurements (revised 7/2020) https://doi.org/10.5065/D6DR2SJP https Related PhysicalObject #1 NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER Aircraft Simulating Southern Ocean aerosol and ice nucleating particles in the Community Earth System Model version 2 2023-04-27T00:00:00Z publication https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7ws8z6f https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036955 McCluskey, Christina S. author Gettelman, Andrew author Bardeen, Charles author DeMott, P. J. author Moore, K. A. author Kreidenweis, S. M. author Hill, T. C. J. author Barry, K. R. author Twohy, C. H. author Toohey, D. W. author Rainwater, B. author Jensen, Jørgen B. author Reeves, John Michael author Alexander, S. P. author McFarquhar, G. M. author UCAR/NCAR - Library publisher Southern Ocean (SO) low-level mixed phase clouds have been a long-standing challenge for Earth system models to accurately represent. While improvements to the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) resulted in increased supercooled liquid in SO clouds and improved model radiative biases, simulated SO clouds in CESM2 now contain too little ice. Previous observational studies have indicated that marine particles are major contributor to SO low-level cloud heterogeneous ice nucleation, a process that initiates a number of cloud processes that govern cloud radiative properties. In this study, we utilize detailed aerosol and ice nucleating particle (INP) measurements from two recent measurement campaigns to assess simulated aerosol abundance, number size distributions, and composition and INP parameterizations for use in CESM2. Our results indicate that CESM2 has a positive bias in simulated surface-level total aerosol surface area at latitudes north of 58 degrees S. Measured INP populations were dominated by marine INPs and we present evidence of refractory INPs present over the SO assumed here to be mineral dust INPs. Results highlight a critical need to assess simulated mineral dust number and size distributions in CESM2 in order to adequately represent SO INP populations and their response to long-term changes in atmospheric transport patterns and land use change. We also discuss important cautions and limitations in applying a commonly used mineral dust INP parameterization to remote regions like the pristine SO. UCAR/NCAR - Library OpenSky Support PO Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307-3000 opensky@ucar.edu http://opensky.ucar.edu/ homepage pointOfContact PDF Text theme Resource Type 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z publication Copyright 2023 American Geophysical Union. None eng geoscientificInformation