edu.ucar.opensky::articles:43305
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2025-12-24T17:50:29.216092
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2:
Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d78d01p4
Fossil leaf cuticle: Best practices for preparation and paleo-CO2 analysis
2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
publication
https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d78d01p4
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105104
ZHANG, X.
author
Royer, D.
author
Colombi, C. E.
author
Drovandi, J. M.
author
McElwain, J. C.
author
Guignard, G.
author
Leng, Q.
author
Lomax, B.
author
Sheldon, N. D.
author
Stein, Rebekah
author
Upchurch, G. R.
author
Wang, Y.
author
Yang, H.
author
Barclay, R. S.
author
Cui, Y.
author
Kürschner, W.
author
Milligan, J. N.
author
Montañez, I.
author
Richey, J.
author
Reichgelt, T.
author
Shi, G.
author
Smith, S. Y.
author
Steinthorsdottir, M.
author
UCAR/NCAR - Library
publisher
<p><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(31, 31, 31);display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Leaf cuticle is the waxy envelope that protects leaves from desiccation, UV damage, and abrasion. The cuticle encodes information about a plant's chemistry and leaf epidermal and stomatal cell morphology. Fossil leaf cuticle has been used to determine taxonomic affinities for almost two centuries and recognized in recent decades for its value in reconstructing paleoenvironments and paleoclimates, especially atmospheric CO</span><sub style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;bottom:-0.25em;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(31, 31, 31);font-family:ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:0;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;position:relative;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2</sub><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(31, 31, 31);display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">. Fossil leaf cuticle preparation techniques are typically reported as single workflows tied to individual studies, starting with finding fossils in the field through the steps of preparing cuticle for chemical and morphological analysis, including decisions about type of microscopy and level of sampling effort at different spatial scales (number of fields-of-view, leaves, and species). The siloed nature of these publications makes finding appropriate methods and workflows for new studies difficult, especially for less experienced researchers. Here, we attempt to synthesize a breadth of existing workflows and make recommendations to guide methodological decision-making for new studies, with a particular focus on paleo-CO</span><sub style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;bottom:-0.25em;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(31, 31, 31);font-family:ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:0;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;position:relative;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">2</sub><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(31, 31, 31);display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"> reconstruction via a proxy based on leaf gas-exchange principles (the Franks model). We describe and annotate chemical procedures for preparing cuticles for analysis and include recommendations regarding leaf conditions for which each is most appropriate. For studies making repeated measures of morphology (e.g., stomatal density), we describe a resampling routine that can guide decision-making, in real time, about sampling effort.</span></p>
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