Identification

Title

Improved thermosphere mass density recovery during the 5 April 2010 geomagnetic storm by assimilating NO cooling rates in a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model

Abstract

The recovery of thermosphere mass density following geomagnetic storms is a result of competing heating and cooling processes. Simulations often underestimate the speed of the recovery. In this study, for the first time, we report that assimilating the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry nitric oxide (NO) cooling rate profiles into a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model via the ensemble Kalman filter improves the thermosphere mass density recovery following a geomagnetic storm. This is due to the impact of the assimilation on both the cooling processes and the thermosphere circulation. The dynamical changes due to the assimilation include stronger upwelling and equatorial transport. These lead to an effective increase in NO at all altitudes at mid-high latitudes, resulting in the improved recovery. The improved representation of cooling processes in the storm's main phase also results in improved >24 hr forecasts of the density recovery. Plain Language Summary Since nitric oxide (NO) infrared emission plays the most important role in cooling down the thermosphere during storm times, it is plausible to attribute the slow neutral mass density recovery to an inaccurate representation of NO cooling in the simulations. In this study, for the first time, we assimilate the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry NO cooling rate profiles into a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model. We found that the improved density recovery is obtained due to the impact of the assimilated observations on the general circulation and cooling processes. The improved representation of cooling processes in the storm's main phase further improves forecasts of the neutral density recovery.

Resource type

document

Resource locator

Unique resource identifier

code

https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7vm4hb9

codeSpace

Dataset language

eng

Spatial reference system

code identifying the spatial reference system

Classification of spatial data and services

Topic category

geoscientificInformation

Keywords

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keyword value

Text

originating controlled vocabulary

title

Resource Type

reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Geographic location

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Temporal extent

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Dataset reference date

date type

publication

effective date

2023-11-10T00:00:00Z

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Conformity

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Use constraints

Limitations on public access

None

Responsible organisations

Responsible party

contact position

OpenSky Support

organisation name

UCAR/NCAR - Library

full postal address

PO Box 3000

Boulder

80307-3000

email address

opensky@ucar.edu

web address

http://opensky.ucar.edu/

name: homepage

responsible party role

pointOfContact

Metadata on metadata

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