Global observations of geomagnetically induced currents caused by an extremely intense density pulse during a coronal mass ejection

A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of . It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of and , respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during 14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented 2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals are required to capture these GMD/GIC.

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Author Liu, Z.
Shi, Xueling
Hartinger, M. D.
Angelopoulos, V.
Rodger, C. J.
Viljanen, A.
Qi, Y.
Shi, C.
Parry, H.
Mann, I.
Cordell, D.
Madanian, H.
Mac Manus, D. H.
Dalzell, M.
Cui, R.
MacMullin, R.
Young‐Morris, G.
Noel, C.
Streifling, J.
Publisher UCAR/NCAR - Library
Publication Date 2024-10-01T00:00:00
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Not Assigned
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Topic Category geoscientificInformation
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Metadata Date 2025-07-10T19:58:03.464423
Metadata Record Identifier edu.ucar.opensky::articles:42393
Metadata Language eng; USA
Suggested Citation Liu, Z., Shi, Xueling, Hartinger, M. D., Angelopoulos, V., Rodger, C. J., Viljanen, A., Qi, Y., Shi, C., Parry, H., Mann, I., Cordell, D., Madanian, H., Mac Manus, D. H., Dalzell, M., Cui, R., MacMullin, R., Young‐Morris, G., Noel, C., Streifling, J.. (2024). Global observations of geomagnetically induced currents caused by an extremely intense density pulse during a coronal mass ejection. UCAR/NCAR - Library. https://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7d79gqw. Accessed 05 August 2025.

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