Climate feedbacks in CCSM3 under changing CO₂ forcing. Part I: Adapting the linear radiative kernel technique to feedback calculations for a broad range of forcings

Climate feedbacks vary strongly among climate models and continue to represent a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of the response of climate to anthropogenic forcings. One method to estimate feedbacks in global climate models is the radiative kernel technique, which is well suited for model intercomparison studies because of its computational efficiency. However, the usefulness of this technique is predicated on the assumption of linearity between top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes and feedback variables, limiting its application to simulations of small climate perturbations, where non-linearities can be neglected. This paper presents an extension of the utility of this linear technique to large forcings, using global climate model simulations forced with CO2 concentrations ranging from twice to eight times present day values. Radiative kernels depend on the model’s radiative transfer algorithm and climate base state. For large warming, kernels based on the present day climate significantly underestimate longwave TOA flux changes and somewhat overestimate shortwave TOA flux changes. These biases translate to inaccurate feedback estimates. It is shown that a combination of present day kernels and kernels computed using a large forcing climate base state leads to significant improvement in the approximation of TOA flux changes and increased reliability of feedback estimates. While using present day kernels results in a climate sensitivity that remains constant, using the new kernels shows that sensitivity increases significantly with each successive doubling of CO₂ concentrations.

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Author Jonko, Alexandra
Shell, Karen
Sanderson, Benjamin
Danabasoglu, Gokhan
Publisher UCAR/NCAR - Library
Publication Date 2012-08-15T00:00:00
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Topic Category geoscientificInformation
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Metadata Date 2023-08-18T18:47:34.167498
Metadata Record Identifier edu.ucar.opensky::articles:11748
Metadata Language eng; USA
Suggested Citation Jonko, Alexandra, Shell, Karen, Sanderson, Benjamin, Danabasoglu, Gokhan. (2012). Climate feedbacks in CCSM3 under changing CO₂ forcing. Part I: Adapting the linear radiative kernel technique to feedback calculations for a broad range of forcings. UCAR/NCAR - Library. http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7xw4kdd. Accessed 11 February 2025.

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