Climatology of mesosphere and lower thermosphere diurnal tides over Jicamarca (12$$^\circ$$S, 77$$^\circ$$W): observations and simulations

This work shows a 3-year climatology of the horizontal components of the solar diurnal tide, obtained from wind measurements made by a multistatic specular meteor radar (SIMONe) located in Jicamarca, Peru (12(degrees)S, 77(degrees)W). Our observations show that the meridional component is more intense than the zonal component, and that it exhibits its maxima shifted with respect to the equinox times (i.e., the largest peak occurs in August-September, and the second one in April-May). The zonal component only shows a clear maximum in August-September. This observational climatology is compared to a climatology obtained with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM-X). Average comparisons indicate that the model amplitudes are 50% smaller than the observed ones. The WACCM-X results are also used in combination with observed altitude profiles of the tidal phases to understand the relative contributions of migrating and non-migrating components. Based on this, we infer that the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) dominates in general, but that from June until September (November until July) the DE3 (DW2) may have a significant contribution to the zonal (meridional) component. Finally, applying wavelet analysis to the complex amplitude of the total diurnal tide, modulating periods between 5 and 80 days are observed in the SIMONe measurements and the WACCM-X model. These modulations might be associated to planetary waves and intraseasonal oscillations in the lower tropical atmosphere.