Consensus and disagreement in atmospheric river detection: ARTMIP global catalogues

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) constitute an important mechanism for water vapor transport, but research on their characteristics and impacts has relied on a diverse assortment of detection methodologies, complicating comparisons. The AR Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) provides a platform for comparing such methodologies, but analysis of ARTMIP catalogues has heretofore focused primarily on specific regions. Here we investigate ARs as detected by an ensemble of algorithms with global coverage. We find that the frequency of occurrence of the majority-consensus ARs produces a robust distribution, featuring five hot spots over the extratropical oceans, against which we compare individual algorithm results. We further explore the underlying similarities and differences via two case studies of AR evolution. The dominant source of disagreement between detection methodologies globally consists of detections (or lack thereof) of weak features, and the algorithms otherwise tend to agree remarkably well on the footprints of ARs.