First observation of chromospheric waves in a sunspot by DKIST/ViSP: The anatomy of an umbral flash

The Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) of the NSF Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) collected its Science Verification data on May 7-8, 2021. The instrument observed multiple layers of a sunspot atmosphere simultaneously, in passbands of Ca-II 397 nm (H-line), Fe-I 630 nm, and Ca-II 854 nm, scanning the region with a spatial sampling of 0.041" and average temporal cadence of 7.76 seconds, for a 38.8 minute duration. The slit moves southward across the plane-of-the-sky at 3.83 km/s. The spectropolarimetric scans exhibit prominent oscillatory 'ridge' structures which lie nearly perpendicular to the direction of slit motion (north to south). These ridges are visible in maps of line intensity, central wavelength, line width, and both linear and circular polarizations. Contemporaneous Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations indicate these ridges are purely temporal in character and likely attributed to the familiar chromospheric 3-minute umbral oscillations. We observe in detail a steady umbral flash near the center of the sunspot umbra. Although bad seeing limited the spatial resolution, the unique high signal-to-noise enable us to estimate the shock Mach numbers (= 2), propagation speeds (= 9 km/s), and their impact on longitudinal magnetic field (delta B = 50 G), gas pressure, and temperature (delta T/T = 0.1) of the subshocks over 30 seconds. We also find evidence for rarefaction waves situated between neighboring wave-train shocks. The Ca-II 854 nm line width is steady throughout the umbral flash except for a sharp 1.5 km/s dip immediately before, and comparable spike immediately after, the passage of the shock front. This zig-zag in line width is centered on the subshock and extends over 0.4".