NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface Weather Observations (PREPBUFR format)

NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface Weather Observations (PREPBUFR format) are composed of a global set of surface and upper air reports operationally collected by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). These include land surface, marine surface, radiosonde, pibal and aircraft reports from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), profiler and US radar derived winds, SSM/I oceanic winds and TCW retrievals, and satellite wind data from the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The reports can include pressure, geopotential height, temperature, dew point temperature, wind direction and speed. Report time intervals range from hourly to 12 hourly.


These data are the output from the PREPBUFR processing performed at NCEP, which is the final step in preparing the majority of conventional observational data for assimilation into the various NCEP analyses including the North American Model (NAM) and NAM Data Assimilation System (NDAS) unified grid-point statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis (the "NAM" and "NDAS" networks), the Global Forecast System (GFS) and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) unified grid-point statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis  (the "GFS" and "GDAS" networks), the Rapid Refresh (RAP) unified grid-point statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis (the "RAP" network), the Real Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) unified grid-point statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis (the "RTMA" network), and the Climate Data Assimilation System (CDAS) spectral statistical interpolation (SSI) analysis (the "CDAS" network).


This step involves the execution of series of programs designed to assemble observations dumped from a number of on-line decoder databases, encode information about the observational error for each data type as well the background (first guess) interpolated to each data location, perform both rudimentary multi-platform quality control and more complex platform-specific quality control, and store the output in a monolithic BUFR file, known as PREPBUFR. The background guess information is used by certain quality control programs while the observation error is used by the analysis to weigh the observations. The structure of the BUFR file is such that each PREPBUFR processing step which changes a datum (either the observation itself, or its quality marker) records the change as an "event" with a program code and a reason code. Each time an event is stored, the previous events for the datum are "pushed down" in the stack. In this way, the PREPBUFR file contains a complete history of changes to the data throughout all of the PREPBUFR processing. The most recent changes are always at the top of the stack and are thus read first by any subsequent data decoder routine. It is expected that the data at the top of the stack are of the highest quality.


The data provided here are also available in NetCDF and ASCII formats, which can be accessed by following the "Get a subset" link on the ds337.0 data access page.  The NetCDF datafiles are converted from PREPBUFR format using the pb2nc utility in the Model Evaluation Tools (MET) software package.

To Access Resource:

Questions? Email Resource Support Contact:

  • datahelp@ucar.edu

Temporal Range

  • Begin:  1997-04-30
    End:  2025-10-08

Keywords

Resource Type dataset
Temporal Range Begin 1997-04-30
Temporal Range End 2025-10-08
Temporal Resolution N/A
Bounding Box North Lat N/A
Bounding Box South Lat N/A
Bounding Box West Long N/A
Bounding Box East Long N/A
Spatial Representation N/A
Spatial Resolution N/A
Related Links

Related Resource #1 : NCEP BUFR software library

Related Resource #2 : PREPBUFR Processing at NCEP

Related Resource #3 : NCEP model data (includes prepbufr files in the gdas.* directories)

Related Resource #4 : NCEI gdas prepbufr obs archive

Related Resource #5 : NCEP BUFRLIB MNEMONICS - BUFR TABLE B

Related Resource #6 : Model Evaluation Tools (MET) verification package

Related Resource #7 : NCEP example program and tutorial on decoding native PrepBufr data files

Additional Information N/A
Resource Format WMO BUFR
Standardized Resource Format BUFR
Asset Size 3427830.937 MB
Legal Constraints

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License


Access Constraints None
Software Implementation Language N/A

Resource Support Name N/A
Resource Support Email datahelp@ucar.edu
Resource Support Organization N/A
Distributor NSF NCAR Geoscience Data Exchange
Metadata Contact Name N/A
Metadata Contact Email datahelp@ucar.edu
Metadata Contact Organization NSF NCAR Geoscience Data Exchange

Author National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Publisher NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
Publication Date 2008-04-30
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.5065/Z83F-N512
Alternate Identifier d337000
Resource Version N/A
Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Progress onGoing
Metadata Date 2025-10-09T01:23:48Z
Metadata Record Identifier edu.ucar.gdex::d337000
Metadata Language eng; USA
Suggested Citation National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2008). NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface Weather Observations (PREPBUFR format). NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research. https://doi.org/10.5065/Z83F-N512. Accessed 09 October 2025.

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