GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm

After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of Sigma O/N2 and neutral temperature (at similar to 160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in Sigma O/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K.

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Author Evans, J. S.
Correira, J.
Lumpe, J. D.
Eastes, R. W.
Gan, Q.
Laskar, F. I.
Aryal, S.
Wang, W.
Burns, Alan
Beland, S.
Cai, X.
Codrescu, M.
England, S.
Greer, K.
Krywonos, A.
McClintock, W. E.
T. Plummer
Veibell, V.
Publisher UCAR/NCAR - Library
Publication Date 2024-08-28T00:00:00
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Not Assigned
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Topic Category geoscientificInformation
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Metadata Date 2025-07-10T19:59:21.364792
Metadata Record Identifier edu.ucar.opensky::articles:27443
Metadata Language eng; USA
Suggested Citation Evans, J. S., Correira, J., Lumpe, J. D., Eastes, R. W., Gan, Q., Laskar, F. I., Aryal, S., Wang, W., Burns, Alan, Beland, S., Cai, X., Codrescu, M., England, S., Greer, K., Krywonos, A., McClintock, W. E., T. Plummer, Veibell, V.. (2024). GOLD Observations of the Thermospheric Response to the 10–12 May 2024 Gannon Superstorm. UCAR/NCAR - Library. https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7mp57jk. Accessed 09 August 2025.

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