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Aims. Emission from helium atoms in Mercury's exosphere at 58.4 nm was observed by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in the 1970s. This emission is due to resonant scattering of solar...

Coral reef ecosystems are threatened by both climate change and direct anthropogenic stress. Climate change will alter the physico-chemical environment that reefs currently...

During the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (SOWEX), registered ocean wave topography and backscattered power data at Ka band (36 GHz) were collected with the NASA Scanning Radar...

The authors report on the implementation and evaluation of a 48-member ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) for the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model,...

Cloud and convective parameterizations strongly influence uncertainties in equilibrium climate sensitivity. We provide a proof-of-concept study to constrain these...

It is still a daunting challenge for land surface models (LSMs) to correctly represent surface heat exchange for water-limited desert steppe ecosystems. This study aims to...

Nocturnal land breezes and daytime lake breezes are studied using data collected by the Canadian Twin Otter aircraft and a deck boat which traversed Candle Lake during the...

We analyze satellite retrievals of carbon monoxide from the MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) instrument over the Amazon Basin, focusing on the MOPITT...

We analyze Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) monthly zonal mean time series of ClO and HOCl between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N to estimate upper stratospheric trends in these...

Isentropic mixing across and above the subtropical jet is a significant mechanism for stratosphere–troposphere exchange. In this work, we show new observational evidence on...

Given a collection of science-based computational models that all estimate states of the same environmental system, we compare the forecast skill of the average of the...

The NCAR land surface model (LSM version 1.0) was coupled to a modified version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM) - a greatly modified version of the CCM2 and precursor...

The interaction between clouds and radiation is a key process within the climate system, and assessing the impacts of that interaction provides valuable insights into both the...

The Community Atmosphere Model version 6.3 (CAM6.3) is released as the active atmosphere component of the Community Earth System Model version CESM-2.2. It is the latest in a...

Atmospheric rivers, or long but narrow regions of enhanced water vapor transport, are an important component of the hydrologic cycle as they are responsible for much of the...

The efficient release of magnetic energy in astrophysical plasmas, such as during solar flares, can in principle be achieved through magnetic diffusion, at a rate determined by...

Previous studies have investigated the centennial and multidecadal trends of the Pacific and Indian Ocean Walker cells (WCs) during the past century, but have obtained no...

This study investigates the stratospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss and subsequent near-surface impacts by analyzing 200-member coupled experiments using the Whole...

Subsurface tile drainage (TD) is a dominant agriculture water management practice in the United States (US) to enhance crop production in poorly drained soils. Assessments of...