Global environmental change perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON) science

This article is composed of two independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, ) in Global Environmental Change and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: (Section 2) Field, experimental, remote sensing, and real-time data research and application; (Section 3) Earth system modeling. In Section 2 we stress the inherently integrated nature of global environmental change, which necessitates an integrated approach for the planning, execution and analysis of measurement campaigns, while highlighting opportunities for wider adoption of the other ICON principles. In Section 3 the highly integrated and networked nature of Earth system model development is discussed, with suggestions for how to increase openness and coordination to enhance model application by end-user and stakeholder communities.