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High-latitude neutral winds often circulate in a two-cell pattern as driven by large-scale auroral forcing. However, auroral forcing also occurs in various types of mesoscale...

The large-scale structures in the ocean and the atmosphere are in geostrophic balance, and a conduit must be found to channel the energy to the small scales where it can be...

A minimal modeling system for understanding tropical cyclone intensity and wind structure changes is introduced: Shallow Water Axisymmetric Model for Intensity (SWAMI). The...

The vertical and spatial structure of the atmospheric El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is investigated using radio occultation (RO) data from August 2006 to December...

Accurate representation of stratospheric trace gas transport is important for ozone modeling and climate projection. Intermodel spread can arise from differences in the...

A central paradox of the global monsoon record involves reported decreases in rainfall over land during an era in which the global hydrologic cycle is both expected and observed...

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The Atlantic Multidedal Oscillation (AMO) is a prominent mode of sea surface temperature variability in the Atlantic and incurs significant global influence. Most coupled models...

Two methods for deriving relationships between the equivalent radar reflectivity factor Z(e) and the snowfall rate S at three radar wavelengths are described. The first method...

Recent progress in computing and model development has initiated the era of global storm-resolving modeling, and with it the potential to transform weather and climate...

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is an important source of predictability. The boreal 2004/05 winter is used as a case study to conduct predictability experiments with the...

The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) on the Odin satellite currently has an eight-year dataset of nighttime Antarctic nitric oxide densities, [NO], in...

This document describes the QuikSCAT Tropical Cyclone Radial Structure Dataset (QSCAT-R), including its parameter and file structure as well as the underlying methodology for...

Of all the major coastal upwelling systems in the world’s oceans, the Benguela, located off southwest Africa, is the one that climate models find hardest to simulate well. This...

The hydrologic cycle couples the Earth's energy and carbon budgets through evaporation, moisture transport, and precipitation. Despite a wealth of observations and models,...

Atmospheric ice particles exist in a variety of shapes and sizes. Single hexagonal crystals like common hexagonal plates and columns are possible, but more frequently,...

Arctic Ocean observations are combined to create a cloud and radiation climatology for the early 21st century (March 2000 to February 2011). Data sources include: active...

To use single-column models (SCMs) as a research tool for parameterization development and process studies, the SCM must be supplied with realistic initial profiles, forcing...

Coral reefs are increasingly exposed to elevated temperatures that can cause coral bleaching and high levels of mortality of corals and associated organisms. The temperature...

Global climate models (GCMs) exhibit stronger mean easterly zonal surface wind stress and near-surface winds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) trade winds than observationally...