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Thaw and release of permafrost carbon (C) due to climate change is likely to offset increased vegetation C uptake in northern high-latitude (NHL) terrestrial ecosystems. Models...

Coupled Sun-to-Earth models represent a key part of the future development of space weather forecasting. With respect to predicting the state of the thermosphere and ionosphere,...

Soils contain large reservoirs of terrestrial carbon (C), yet soil C dynamics simulated in Earth systems models show little agreement with each other or with observational data...

Sub-grid variability (SGV) in atmospheric trace gases within satellite pixels is a key issue in satellite design and interpretation and validation of retrieval products....

An online tracer model, based on the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale model, was developed. The new model includes full representation of processes for advection,...

It is well known that ice sheet-climate feedbacks are essential for realistically simulating the spatiotemporal evolution of continental ice sheets over glacial-interglacial...

Urban canopy models (UCMs) in mesoscale numerical weather prediction models need evaluation to understand biases in urban environments under a range of conditions. The authors...

Winter soil respiration at midlatitudes can comprise a substantial portion of annual ecosystem carbon loss. However, winter soil carbon dynamics in these areas, which are often...

To examine the suitability of GPS radio occultation (RO) observations as a climate benchmark data set, this study aims at quantifying the structural uncertainty in GPS RO-...

Precipitation forecasts from convection-allowing ensembles with 3- and 1-km horizontal grid spacing were evaluated between 15 May and 15 June 2013 over central and eastern...

Output from idealized simulations of a squall line are compared with in situ aircraft-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry campaign. Relative...

Launched in 2006, the Formosa Satellite Mission 3–Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) was the first constellation of...

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Adjoint models are increasingly applied to many problems in meteorology and oceanography. The adjoint model of MM5 is a tool which effectively computes the gradient (or a...

Heat is one of the most serious hazards in the world as it affects human health and is extremely dangerous to vulnerable populations such as the elderly, people with preexisting...

We give an overview of the regional meteorological situation during the Indian Ocean Experiment INDOEX intensive field phase (IFP) in February and March 1999. The INDOEX domain,...

Accurate predictions of the sea state-dependent air-sea momentum flux require a thorough understanding of the wave boundary layer turbulence over surface waves. A set of...

Numerous studies have examined the reliability of various precipitation products over the Mekong River Basin (MRB) and modeled its basin hydrology. However, there is a lack of...

Variations in terrestrial oxygen-isotope reconstructions from ice cores and speleothems have been primarily attributed to climatic changes of surface air temperature,...

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