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Application of any measurement requires reliable error estimates; this is particularly the case when meteorological observations are assimilated into numerical weather...

The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. It has been flown at two total solar...

The westward quasi-6-day planetary wave (Q6DW) with zonal wave number 1 is a prominent oscillation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region, which causes significant...

We investigate the effect of turbulence on the collisional growth of micrometer-sized droplets through high resolution numerical simulations with well-resolved Kolmogorov...

Measurements of the mass concentration and chemical speciation of aerosols are important to investigate their chemical and physical processing from near emission sources to the...

We investigate the influence of major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) and elevated stratopause (ES) events in the Northern Hemisphere winter on the transport of NOx produced...

Characteristics of precipitation estimates for rate and amount from three global high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs), four global climate data records (CDRs), and...

The possibility that Arctic sea ice loss weakens mid-latitude westerlies, promoting more severe cold winters, has sparked more than a decade of scientific debate, with apparent...

We present seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the 1982-2013 period using two suites of retrospective forecasts initialized from a fully coupled ocean-...

This work uses Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry CO2 data from 2002 to 2015 and Specified Dynamics-Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-...

It is possible to describe many variants of ensemble Kalman filters without loss of generality as the impact of a single observation on a single state variable. For most...

This study investigated impacts of urban forms on the future thermal environment over Beijing, the capital city of China. Beijing is experiencing remarkable urban expansion and...

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In this paper several configurations of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is...

Although it is generally accepted that the level of neutral buoyancy (LNB) is only a coarse estimate of updraft depth, the LNB is still used to understand and predict storm...

We measured organic and inorganic gas-phase acids in the Front Range of Colorado to better understand their tropospheric sources and sinks using a high-resolution time-of-flight...

On 13 July 1978, a long-lived storm complex developed in southeastern Wyoming, and was well observed by aircraft and radars. The potential instability was weak to moderate on...

The coupling of the finite volume element method and the boundary element method is an interesting approach to simulate a coupled system of a diffusion convection reaction...

Variations to the global wetland CH₄ source strength in response to changes in orbital insolation patterns and atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]a) are hypothesized to play an...