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This was published as a section in "The State of the Climate in 2009", a Special Supplement edition of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

An accurate speciation mapping of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in...

The relationship between poleward energy transport and Arctic amplification is examined using climate models and an energy balance model. In 21st century projections, models...

Ozone profiles in the upper mesosphere (70-100 km) retrieved from nine instruments are compared. Ozone from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry...

Eight general circulation models have simulated the mid-Pliocene warm period (mid-Pliocene, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma) as part of the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project...

Alkenes are reactive hydrocarbons that influence local and regional atmospheric chemistry by playing important roles in the photochemical production of tropospheric ozone and in...

This paper presents the application of a double-moment bulk warm-rain microphysics scheme to the simulation of a field of shallow convective clouds based on Barbados...

Relative humidity (RH) has been observed to be anticorrelated with continental new particle formation. Several reasons have been proposed for this rather surprising finding, but...

Cut cells use regular or nearly regular polygonal cells to describe fields. For a given orography, some cells may be completely under the mountain, some completely above the...

Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land surface properties such as...

Southeast Asia is a region known for active land-use changes (LUC) over the past 60 years; yet, how trends in net CO2 uptake and release resulting from LUC activities (net LUC...

Relative rate studies were carried out to determine the temperature dependent rate constant ratio k1/k2a: CH3O· + O2 → HCHO + HO2· and CH3O· + NO2 (+M) → CH3ONO2 (+M)...

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This Technical Note is a case study of one of the storms examined in the 1975 field season of the National Hail Research Experiment, during which the two primary observing...

East African countries benefit economically from the largest freshwater lake in Africa: Lake Victoria (LV). Around 30 million people live along its coastline, and 5.4 million...

The dynamics of the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Southern Ocean are compared in two versions of a global climate model: one with high-...

We present in this technical note the research protocol for phase 4 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4). This research initiative is divided...

The collapse of turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer is studied by means of a simple bulk model that describes the basic physical interactions in the surface energy...

Today's flight planning aims for safety and efficiency based on the airspace structure, available air routes, and weather. For long-distance flights, wind is of primary interest...

This note describes the conservation equations and flux parameterizations used in the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA). The processes considered...