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Radar data assimilation with WRF 4D-Var. Part II: Comparison with 3D-Var for...
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) system described in Part I of this study is compared with its...- publication PDF
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Modeling of aircraft measurements of ice crystal concentration in the Arctic...
In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parcel model to simulate aircraft measurements of ice crystal number concentration Ni...- publication PDF
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The inherent uncertainty of precipitation variability, trends, and extremes...
The approximately century-long instrumental record of precipitation over land reflects a single sampling of internal variability. Thus, the spatiotemporal evolution of the...- publication PDF
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The future of Earth system prediction: Advances in model-data fusion
Predictions of the Earth system, such as weather forecasts and climate projections, require models informed by observations at many levels. Some methods for integrating models...- publication PDF
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Evaluating medium-range tropical cyclone forecasts in uniform- and...
An evaluation of medium-range forecasts of tropical cyclones (TCs) is performed, covering the eastern North Pacific basin during the period 1 August–3 November 2014. Real-time...- publication PDF
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Relating the strength of the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) to the...
The phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) can influence the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) such that a shift from a negative to positive phase of the IPO...- publication PDF
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Evolution of ozone pollution in China: What track will it follow?
Increasing surface ozone (O3) concentrations has emerged as a key air pollution problem in many urban regions worldwide in the last decade. A longstanding major issue in...- publication PDF
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Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets...
Ice sheet mass balance estimates have improved substantially in recent years using a variety of techniques, over different time periods, and at various levels of spatial detail....- publication PDF
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The mysteries of Mammatus clouds: Observations and formation mechanisms
Mammatus clouds are an intriguing enigma of atmospheric fluid dynamics and cloud physics. Most commonly observed on the underside of cumulonimbus anvils, mammatus also occur on...- publication PDF
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Estimation of physiological factors controlling carbon isotope fractionation...
Estimates of past pCO(2) prior to ice-core records have often been sought by measuring carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis ((p)) in alkenone-producing algae...- publication PDF
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Rapid adjustments cause weak surface temperature response to increased black...
We investigate the climate response to increased concentrations of black carbon (BC), as part of the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). A...- publication PDF
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Arctic sea ice simulation in the PlioMIP ensemble
Eight general circulation models have simulated the mid-Pliocene warm period (mid-Pliocene, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma) as part of the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project...- publication PDF
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A two-ejecta event associated with a two-step geomagnetic storm
A new view on how large disturbances in the magnetosphere may be prolonged and intensified further emerges from a recently discovered interplanetary process: the...- publication PDF
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Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic...
Measurements from the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's 2004 Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) provide a unique opportunity to study...- publication PDF
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Quantifying gravity wave forcing using scale invariance
Despite the increasing resolution, forcing on the mean circulation by resolved waves in general circulation models is not yet converging. Parameterization of the forcing remains...- publication PDF
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Needs, Opportunities and Strategies for a Long-term Oceanic Sciences...
This document conveys the recommendations of the NOSS Science Working Group charged with three tasks: first, to recommend sensor modifications and additions to fill the 25 % of...- publication PDF
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Biomass heat storage dampens diurnal temperature variations in forests
Observational evidence suggests that compared to non-forested areas, forests have a cooling effect on daytime land surface temperature (LST) and a warming effect on nighttime...- publication PDF
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Spatial statistics of likely convective clouds in CloudSat data
Spatial characteristics of cloud objects derived from 14 months of CloudSat data are analyzed with the aim of understanding global statistics for atmospheric convection. This...- publication PDF
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Towards petascale simulation of atmospheric circulations with soundproof equations
This paper highlights progress with the development of a petascale implementation of general-purpose high-resolution (nonoscillatory) hydrodynamical simulation code EULAG [Prusa...- publication PDF
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North Atlantic climate far more predictable than models imply
Current models are too noisy to predict climate usefully on decadal timescales, but two-stage post-processing of model outputs greatly improves predictions of decadal variations...- publication PDF
