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We report the first retrieval results of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) exclusively using near-infrared (NIR) radiances in the 2.3 μm CO overtone band observed by the...

By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a...

In the Bay of Bengal, the warm, dry boreal spring concludes with the onset of the summer monsoon and accompanying southwesterly winds, heavy rains, and variable air-sea fluxes....

The intrinsic atmospheric and ocean-induced tropical precipitation variability is studied using millennial control simulations with various degrees of ocean coupling. A...

Conceptual and numerical models predict that magnetic reconnection starts at a localized region and then spreads out of the reconnection plane. At the Earth's magnetopause this...

Because of its chemical and radiative properties, atmospheric ozone constitutes a key element of the Earth's climate system. Absorption of sunlight by ozone in the ultraviolet...

In order to study the effects of ionospheric plasma densities on the thermosphere, the electron and O⁺ densities in the Thermosphere Ionosphere Nested Grid (TING) model were...

Uncertainty in model initial states produces uncertainty in climate simulations because of unforced variability internal to the climate system. Climate scientists use initial-...

Many theories for the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) focus on diabatic processes, particularly the evolution of vertical heating and moistening. Poor MJO performance in weather...

In recent decades, a significant rainfall decline over the island of Hawai'i has been noted, with many hypothesizing that the drying is associated with the volcanic aerosols...

The WRF‐Hydro hydrological model has been used in many applications in the past with some level of history matching in the majority of these studies. In this study, we use...

This paper examines the controls on supercooled liquid water content (SLWC) and drop number concenExperiment (SNOWIE) campaign. During SNOWIE, 27.4% of 1-Hz in situ cloud...

Aside from the direct surface cooling that sulfate geoengineering (SG) would produce, investigations of the possible side effects of this method are still ongoing, such as the...

Sea ice is an important component of the global climate system and a key indicator of climate change. A decreasing trend in Arctic sea-ice concentration is evident in recent...

Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO₂ by ~ 115 µmol mol-1 since 1750 and decreased its carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) by 1.7-2‰ (the ¹³C Suess...

During the THORPEX (The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC), from 1 August to 30 September 2008, ∼1900 high-...

Experiments performed in laboratory chambers have contributed significantly to the understanding of the fundamental kinetics and mechanisms of the chemical reactions occurring...

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Results from the NASA Van Allen Probes mission indicate extensive observations of mirror/drift-mirror (M/D-M hereafter) unstable plasma regions in the night-side inner...

The term jet stream generally refers to a narrow region of intense winds near the top of the midlatitude or subtropical troposphere. It is in the midlatitude jet stream where...