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Large-scale gravity current over the middle hills of the Nepal Himalaya:...
Nepal has been the location of a series of fatal aircraft accidents, raising serious concerns about civil aviation security and the safety of passengers. However, significant...- publication PDF
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Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid-high latitude thermospheric...
The geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2022 caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites of Space-X. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Multi-...- publication PDF
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Scattering database in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range of 100 -...
The inference of ice cloud properties from spaceborne sensors is sensitive to the retrieval algorithms and satellite sensors used. To approach a better understanding of ice...- publication PDF
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Representing forecast error in a convection-permitting ensemble system
Ensembles provide an opportunity to greatly improve short-term prediction of local weather hazards, yet generating reliable predictions remain a significant challenge. In...- publication PDF
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An inferred climatology of icing conditions aloft, including supercooled...
Because of a lack of regular, direct measurements, little information is available about the frequency and spatial and temporal distribution of icing conditions aloft, including...- publication PDF
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Surface mass balance and climate of the Last Glacial Maximum Northern...
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, from similar to 26 to 20 ka BP) was the most recent period with large ice sheets in Eurasia and North America. At that time, global temperatures...- publication PDF
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Validation of MOPITT Version 5 thermal-infrared, near-infrared, and...
Validation results are reported for the MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) "Version 5" (V5) product for tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and are compared to...- publication PDF
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Mesoscale factors contributing to the extreme rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in...
The purpose of this study is to diagnose mesoscale factors responsible for the formation and development of an extreme rainstorm that occurred on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,...- publication PDF
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Climate impacts of COVID-19 induced emission changes
The COVID-19 pandemic led to dramatic changes in economic activity in 2020. We use estimates of emission changes for 2020 in two Earth System Models (ESMs) to simulate the...- publication PDF
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Sustained nonphotochemical quenching shapes the seasonal pattern of...
Traditional methods of carbon monitoring in mountainous regions are challenged by complex terrain. Recently, solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) has been found to be an indicator...- publication PDF
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An approach of radar reflectivity data assimilation and its assessment with...
A radar reflectivity data assimilation scheme was developed within the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State UniversityâNational Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model...- publication PDF
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A comparison of hybrid-gain versus hybrid-covariance data assimilation for global NWP
Two methods for incorporating a time-invariant, high-rank covariance estimate in an ensemble-based data assimilation system for global weather prediction are compared. The...- publication PDF
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Impact of equinoctial high-speed stream structures on thermospheric responses
We examine thermospheric neutral density response to 172 solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs) and the associated stream interfaces during the equinox seasons of 2002â2008....- publication PDF
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Observation and model bias estimation in the presence of either or both...
In numerical weather prediction and in reanalysis, robust approaches for observation bias correction are necessary to approach optimal data assimilation. The success of bias...- publication PDF
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Sensitivity of modeled Indian monsoon to Chinese and Indian aerosol emissions
The South Asian summer monsoon supplies over 80% of India's precipitation. Industrialization over the past few decades has resulted in severe aerosol pollution in India....- publication PDF
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Field Observations of the Kinematics of Hailstones
This report studies the kinematic behavior of naturally falling hailstones using stroboscopic photography in a mobile van. The experiment is described and the results concerning...- publication PDF
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Hydrometeorological observations and modeling of an extreme rainfall event...
Some of the most intense convective storms on Earth initiate near the Sierras de Cordoba mountain range in Argentina. The goal of the RELAMPAGO field campaign was to observe...- publication PDF
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Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China â Part 2: Evaluation of...
An operational multimodel forecasting system for air quality has been developed to provide air quality services for urban areas of China. The initial forecasting system included...- publication PDF
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Day-to-day variability of prereversal enhancement in the vertical ion drift...
Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are plasma density irregularities found in the equatorial ionosphere after sunset and are closely related to the upward ExB drift before it...- publication PDF
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Users' Guide to NCAR CCM1
This document describes the program design, data organization and operation of the version of NCAR Community Climate Model designated CCM1. The User's Guide is intended to...- publication PDF